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1.2.3: Ondras planas

  • Page ID
    51094
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    Para un instante dado, las ondas planas son aquellas para las cuales el campo eléctrico toma el mismo valor sobre superficies que son planos. Es decir, para \(t=t_{0}\) se cumple que

    \[
    \mathbf{E}\left(\mathbf{r}, t_{0}\right)=\mathbf{c t e} \Rightarrow \mathbf{r} \in \Pi \notag
    \]

    donde \(\Pi\) es un plano. La ecuación de los planos de vector director \(\mathbf{k}=(a, b, c)\) es \(a x+b y+c z=d\), es decir, \(\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{r}=d\) (ver figura \(\PageIndex{2}\)). Esta definición permite que la

    Figura \(\PageIndex{1}\): Frentes de onda para dos tiempos distintos.
    Figura \(\PageIndex{2}\): Plano de fase (frente de ondas) y vector $\mathbf{k}\) para una onda plana. Explicación de la dependencia sólo en \(\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{r}\).

    dependencia espacial de la onda se pueda escribir mediante un producto escalar por un vector constante: la onda no depende de $r$ sino de su proyección sobre la dirección de propagación, ortogonal a los planos. Al vector constante \(\mathbf{k}\) se le llama vector de ondas.

    \[
    \mathbf{E}=\mathbf{E}(\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{r}, t) \notag
    \]

    Estas ondas no son de gran utilidad por sí solas si no se combinan con las ondas armónicas.


    1.2.3: Ondras planas is shared under a CC BY-SA 1.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Alvaro Tejero Cantero.