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1.23: Desigualdades lineales

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    108641
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    En esta sección resolvemos desigualdades lineales.

    Consideremos la desigualdad\(2 x-1>2\). Resolver esto significa encontrar todos los valores de\(x\) que satisfagan la desigualdad (para que cuando conectes esos valores para\(x\) obtengas una declaración verdadera). Por ejemplo, ya que\(2 \cdot 5-1=9>2, x=5\) es una solución y ya que no\(2 \cdot 1-1=1 \not>2, x=1\) es una solución.

    Podemos resolver una desigualdad de la misma manera que resolvemos una igualdad con una excepción importante:

    La multiplicación o división por un número negativo invierte la dirección de la desigualdad.

    Por ejemplo\(-3 x>9 \Longleftrightarrow \frac{-3 x}{-3}<\frac{9}{-3} \Longleftrightarrow x<-3\). Vemos que
    \(x=-10\) satisface todas estas desigualdades y no\(x=3\) satisface ninguna de ellas. Podemos graficar la solución en la recta numéricos:

    clipboard_efcf6d3b0ad32a277fc29febc7bb7b300.png

    Pero\(3 x>9 \Longleftrightarrow \frac{3 x}{3}>\frac{9}{3} \Longleftrightarrow x>3\).

    clipboard_e9e89fc9579852b60b5f6e6178e374fb3.png

    Por ejemplo, comprobar que\(x=5\) (que es mayor que 3) satisface la desigualdad.

    Ejemplo 21.1

    Resolver la desigualdad dada y representar la solución en la recta numéricos:

    a)\(5 x>10 \Longleftrightarrow x>\frac{10}{5} \Longleftrightarrow x>2\)

    clipboard_e69bd65626bef756f24bbc854e38b6c09.png

    b)\(-10 x \leq-5 \Longleftrightarrow x \geq \frac{-5}{-10} \Longleftrightarrow x \geq \frac{1}{2}\)

    clipboard_e7ff97fb7d1a502850f6e7b0287250818.png

    c)\(-x>-2 \Longleftrightarrow x<\frac{-2}{-1} \Longleftrightarrow x<2\)

    clipboard_e7f49abafa8b8e3e3af1aedd9c203fd09.png

    d)\(2-x \geq 2 x-5 \Longleftrightarrow 7-x \geq 2 x \Longleftrightarrow 7 \geq 3 x \Longleftrightarrow \frac{7}{3} \geq x\) (o\(\left.x \leq \frac{7}{3}\right)\)

    clipboard_e21cf36535d9db45e14f0bb3ff0501b95.png

    e)\(2-3 x \geq-2 x+7 \Longleftrightarrow-5-3 x \geq-2 x \Longleftrightarrow-5 \geq x\) (o\(x \leq-5)\)

    clipboard_ed53e5a20ed016342e96b6f880306a6dd.png

    f)\(3(x-2)+5 \leq 5-2(x+1) \Longleftrightarrow 3 x-6+5 \leq 5-2 x-2 \Longleftrightarrow 3 x-1 \leq 3-2 x \Longleftrightarrow 3 x+2 x \leq 3+1 \Longleftrightarrow 5 x \leq 4 \Longleftrightarrow x \leq \frac{4}{5}\)

    clipboard_e29e83f963ad9cd4628ed09fdf1862a6b.png

    Nota: Hay más de una manera de hacer un problema. Por ejemplo:

    \(-3 x-2<1 \Longleftrightarrow-3 x<2+1 \Longleftrightarrow-3 x<3 \Longleftrightarrow \frac{-3 x}{-3}>\frac{3}{-3} \Longleftrightarrow x>-1 \)

    o,

    \(-3 x-2<1 \Longleftrightarrow-2<1+3 x \Longleftrightarrow-2-1<3 x \Longleftrightarrow-3<3 x \Longleftrightarrow-1<x(\)que es lo mismo que\(x>-1)\)

    clipboard_e4daab39e5a4895d73f78c497943d4913.png

    Problema de salida

    Resuelve la desigualdad y muestra la gráfica de la solución:

    \[7 x+4 \leq 2 x-6\nonumber\]


    1.23: Desigualdades lineales is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.