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7.5E: Ecuaciones regulares de Euler de Puntos Singulares (Ejercicios)

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    114726
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    Q7.4.1

    En Ejercicios 7.4.1-7.4.18 encontramos la solución general de la ecuación de Euler dada sobre\((0,\infty)\).

    1. \(x^2y''+7xy'+8y=0\)

    2. \(x^2y''-7xy'+7y=0\)

    3. \(x^2y''-xy'+y=0\)

    4. \(x^2y''+5xy'+4y=0\)

    5. \(x^2y''+xy'+y=0\)

    6. \(x^2y''-3xy'+13y=0\)

    7. \(x^2y''+3xy'-3y=0\)

    8. \(12x^2y''-5xy''+6y=0\)

    9. \(4x^2y''+8xy'+y=0\)

    10. \(3x^2y''-xy'+y=0\)

    11. \(2x^2y''-3xy'+2y=0\)

    12. \(x^2y''+3xy'+5y=0\)

    13. \(9x^2y''+15xy'+y=0\)

    14. \(x^2y''-xy'+10y=0\)

    15. \(x^2y''-6y=0\)

    16. \(2x^2y''+3xy'-y=0\)

    17. \(x^2y''-3xy'+4y=0\)

    18. \(2x^2y''+10xy'+9y=0\)

    Q7.4.2

    19.

    1. Adaptar la prueba del Teorema 7.4.3 para mostrar que\(y=y(x)\) satisface la ecuación de Euler\[ax^2y''+bxy'+cy=0\tag{A}\] sobre\((-\infty,0)\) si y solo si está\(Y(t)=y(-e^t)\)\[a {d^2Y\over dt^2}+(b-a){dY\over dt}+cY=0.\nonumber\] encendida\((-\infty,\infty)\).
    2. Utilice (a) para mostrar que la solución general de la Ecuación A on\((-\infty,0)\) es\[\begin{aligned} y&=c_1|x|^{r_1}+c_2|x|^{r_2}\mbox{ if $r_1$ and $r_2$ are distinct real numbers; } \\ y&=|x|^{r_1}(c_1+c_2\ln|x|)\mbox{ if $r_1=r_2$; } \\ y&=|x|^{\lambda}\left[c_1\cos\left(\omega\ln|x|\right)+ c_2\sin\left(\omega\ln|x| \right)\right]\mbox{ if $r_1,r_2=\lambda\pm i\omega$ with $\omega>0$}.\end{aligned}\nonumber\]

    20. Use reducción de orden para demostrar que si

    \[ar(r-1)+br+c=0\nonumber\]

    tiene una raíz repetida\(r_1\) entonces\(y=x^{r_1}(c_1+c_2\ln x)\) es la solución general de

    \[ax^2y''+bxy'+cy=0\nonumber\]

    encendido\((0,\infty)\).

    21. Una solución no trivial de

    \[P_0(x)y''+P_1(x)y'+P_2(x)y=0\nonumber\]

    se dice que es oscilatorio en un intervalo\((a,b)\) si tiene infinitamente muchos ceros encendida\((a,b)\). De lo contrario\(y\) se dice que no es oscilatorio en\((a,b)\). Demostrar que la ecuación

    \[x^2y''+ky=0 \quad (k=\; \mbox{constant})\nonumber\]

    tiene soluciones oscilatorias en\((0,\infty)\) si y solo si\(k>1/4\).

    22. En el Ejemplo 7.4.2 vimos que\(x_0=1\) y\(x_0=-1\) son puntos singulares regulares de la ecuación de Legendre

    \[(1-x^2)y''-2xy'+\alpha(\alpha+1)y=0. \tag{A}\]

    1. Introducir las nuevas variables\(t=x-1\) y\(Y(t)=y(t+1)\), y mostrar que\(y\) es una solución de (A) si y sólo si\(Y\) es una solución de la\[t(2+t){d^2Y\over dt^2}+2(1+t){dY\over dt}-\alpha(\alpha+1)Y=0,\nonumber\] cual tiene un punto singular regular en\(t_0=0\).
    2. Introducir las nuevas variables\(t=x+1\) y\(Y(t)=y(t-1)\), y mostrar que\(y\) es una solución de (A) si y sólo si\(Y\) es una solución de la\[t(2-t){d^2Y\over dt^2}+2(1-t){dY\over dt}+\alpha(\alpha+1)Y=0,\nonumber\] cual tiene un punto singular regular en\(t_0=0\).

    23. Dejar\(P_0,P_1\), y\(P_2\) ser polinomios sin factor común, y supongamos que\(x_0\ne0\) es un punto singular de

    \[P_0(x)y''+P_1(x)y'+P_2(x)y=0. \tag{A}\]

    Dejar\(t=x-x_0\) y\(Y(t)=y(t+x_0)\).
    1. Mostrar que\(y\) es una solución de (A) si y solo si\(Y\) es una solución de\[R_0(t){d^2Y\over dt^2}+R_1(t){dY\over dt}+R_2(t)Y=0. \tag{B}\] donde\[R_i(t)=P_i(t+x_0),\quad i=0,1,2.\nonumber\]
    2. Demostrar que\(R_0\)\(R_1\),, y\(R_2\) son polinomios en\(t\) sin factores comunes, y\(R_0(0)=0\); así,\(t_0=0\) es un punto singular de (B).

    This page titled 7.5E: Ecuaciones regulares de Euler de Puntos Singulares (Ejercicios) is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by William F. Trench via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.