14.3: The subjunctive with adverbial clauses
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- 173634
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)The subjunctive with adverbial clauses
Sometimes it is necessary to use the subjunctive with adverbial clauses. An adverbial clause is a group of words that modify a clause. An adverbial clause can answer the quetions when, where, why, how, or under what circumstances.
Some adverbial clauses indicate doubt and will require the subjunctive. Others indicate certainty, or lack of doubt, and require the indicative. And, still, other adverbial clauses depend on the speaker's or writer's point of view and can use the subjunctive or the indicative. Let's look at these adverbial clauses and their use of the subjunctive or indicative now.
An adverbial clause describes a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. It is a group of words that functions as an adverb. It is a clause that describes, but it cannot be a complete sentence without another clause, even though it contains a subject and an adverb. Some adverbial clauses depend on another clause to occur. Others describe actions as factual events. We will learn about clauses that depend on other actions and those that express definite facts.
The following adverbial clauses depend on other actions and require the subjunctive.
en caso de que in case
siempre y cuando provided that
con tal de que so that, as long as
a menos que unless
para que so that
antes de que before
mientras que while
a fin de que so that
sin que without
Note how the first letter of each of the above adverbial clauses spells ESCAPA MAS....This can help us to remember these expressions.
Some examples with these adverbial clauses are
Iré al supermercado con tal de que tú vayas conmigo. I will go to the supermarket as long as you go with me. con tal de que means you might or might not go === > doubt = subjunctive
Estudian en caso de que haya una prueba de sorpresa. They study in case there is a surprise quiz. en caso de que means it might or might not happen ===> doubt = subjunctive
Some adverbial clauses indicate facts or a lack of doubt and require the subjunctive.
porque because
puesto que since
ya que since
Since there are only three of these adverbial clauses it is easy to remember them....or we can remember the letters PPY. Some examples with these adverbial clauses are
Iré al supermercado puesto que está en el camino a mi casa. I will go to the supermarket since it is on my way home. I have walked by there before ===> no doubt, certainty = indicative
Los estudiantes estudian porque tienen un examen. The students study because they have an exam. the test is sure thing ===> no doubt, certainty = indicative
Some clauses depend on other actions and can require the subjunctive if the action is doubtful or can require the indicative if the action is certain. These expressions are
aunque although
aunque although
como as, however
cuando when
después de que after
donde where
en cuanto as soon as
hasta que until
tan pronto como as soon as
Some examples are:
Comeremos cuando mi hermano llegue. The exact arrive is doubtful, it might depend on something like traffice ===> subjunctive
Comeremos cuando mi hermano llega. My brother always arrives at the same time, there is no doubt when we will arrive ===> indicative
Voy a comprar un café aunque es costoso. We know this coffee is expensive, there is no doubt ===> indicative
Quiero comprar un café aunque sea costoso. The price is not certain, there is doubt ===> subjunctive
Note how the speaker or writer of the sentences with these adverbial clauses gets to decide if the action is doubtful or certain and will use the subjunctive or indicative to share his/her thoughts.
As always, the subjunctive requires five parts: subject one, verb one, que subject two, verb two.
If the sentence does not have a second subject, we use the infinitive or unconjugated verb. For example
La profesora repasa para que los estudiantes tengan éxito. Two subjects plus doubt ===> subjunctive
La estudiante repasa para tener éxito. One subject, no que ===> infinitive
With practice, adverbial clauses can help us add important information to sentences. So, let's practice.
Prácticas.
A. Complete each sentence with the subjunctive or the indicative. Remember that adverbial clauses can indicate doubt or certainty.
1. Los estudiantes hacen la tarea porque ellos ___________________ (querer) buenas notas.
2. Los estudiantes hacen la tarea antes de que ___________________ (empezar) a trabajar.
3. Nosotros planeamos descansar cuando la clase _________________ (terminar) el 9 de diciembre. Es un día específico.
4. Yo voy de compras cuando _________________ (recibir) el dinero de su amigo. Es un amigo muy responsable con su dinero.
5. Voy a correr con tal de que tú_________________ (correr) conmigo. Y, no te gusta correr.
6. El estudiante va a la clase porque la clase (tener) ___________________ un examen hoy.
7. Iremos al supermercado con tal de que tú (ir) _______________________ conmigo.
8. Comeré cuando tú (llegar) __________________________________. Siempre llegas al mismo tiempo.
9. Los perros comen cuando yo les (dar) ____________________ de comida. El tiempo nunca cambia porque soy muy responsable.
10. Beberé el té ya que mi madre siempre lo (preparar) ___________________________ cada noche a las ocho.
11. Estudiaremos para (tener) _____________________________ éxito.
12. Trabajamos para (recibir) ______________________________ dinero.
B. Read the adverbial clauses below. Then, write five sentences with five different adverbial clauses. Remember that not all adverbial clauses require the subjunctive.
a menos que para que
antes de que porque
con tal de que sin que
cuando tan pronto como
después de que ya que
en cuanto
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C. What is an adverbial clauses? Why are they separated into three groups in this section? Write an example with an adverbial clause from each section.