Capítulo 15: Masas atómicas
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
Número atómico, Z | Nombre | Número de masa atómica, A | Símbolo | Masa atómica (u) | Porcentaje de abundancia o modo de decaimiento | Vida media, t 1/2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | neutrones | 1 | n | 1.008 665 | β− | 10.37 min |
1 | Hidrógeno | 1 | 1H | 1.007 825 | 99.985% | |
Deuterio | 2 | 2H or D | 2.014 102 | 0.015% | ||
Tritio | 3 | 3H or T | 3.016 050 | β− | 12.33 y | |
2 | Helio | 3 | 3He | 3.016 030 | 1.38×10−4% | |
4 | 4He | 4.002 603 | ≈100% | |||
3 | Litio | 6 | 6Li | 6.015 121 | 7.5% | |
7 | 7Li | 7.016 003 | 92.5% | |||
4 | Berilio | 7 | 7Be | 7.016 928 | EC | 53.29 d |
9 | 9Be | 9.012 182 | 100% | |||
5 | Boro | 10 | 10 B | 10.012 937 | 19.9% | |
11 | 11 B | 11.009 305 | 80,1% | |||
6 | Carbono | 11 | 11C | 11.011 432 | CE,β+ | |
12 | 12C | 12.000 000 | 98.90% | |||
13 | 13C | 13.003 355 | 1.10% | |||
14 | 14C | 14.003 241 | β− | 5730 y | ||
7 | Nitrógeno | 13 | 13 N | 13.005 738 | β+ | 9.96 min |
14 | 14 N | 14.003 074 | 99.63% | |||
15 | 15 N | 15.000 108 | 0.37% | |||
8 | Oxígeno | 15 | 15O | 15.003 065 | CE,β+ | 122 s |
16 | 16O | 15.994 915 | 99.76% | |||
18 | 18O | 17.999 160 | 0.200% | |||
9 | Flúor | 18 | 18 F | 18.000 937 | CE,β+ | 1.83 h |
19 | 19 F | 18.998 403 | 100% | |||
10 | Neón | 20 | 20Ne | 19.992 435 | 90.51% | |
22 | 22Ne | 21.991 383 | 9.22% | |||
11 | Sodio | 22 | 22Na | 21.994 434 | β+ | 2.602 y |
23 | 23Na | 22.989 767 | 100% | |||
24 | 24Na | 23.990 961 | β− | 14.96 h | ||
12 | Magnesio | 24 | 24Mg | 23.985 042 | 78.99% | |
13 | Aluminio | 27 | 27Al | 26.981 539 | 100% | |
14 | Silicio | 28 | 28Si | 27.976 927 | 92.23% | 2.62h |
31 | 31Si | 30.975 362 | β− | |||
15 | Fosforo | 31 | 31P | 30.973 762 | 100% | |
32 | 32P | 31.973 907 | β− | 14.28 d | ||
16 | Azufre | 32 | 32S | 31.972 070 | 95.02% | |
35 | 35S | 34.969 031 | β− | 87.4 d | ||
17 | Cloro | 35 | { }^{35} \mathrm{Cl} | 34.968 852 | 75.77% | |
37 | { }^{37} \mathrm{Cl} | 36.965 903 | 24.23% | |||
18 | Argón | 40 | { }^{40} \mathrm{Ar} | 39.962 384 | 99.60% | |
19 | Potasio | 39 | { }^{39} \mathrm{~K} | 38.963 707 | 93.26% | |
40 | { }^{40} \mathrm{~K} | 39.963 999 | 0.0117%, CE,\beta^{-} | 1.28 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{y} | ||
20 | Calcio | 40 | { }^{40} \mathrm{Ca} | 39.962 591 | 96.94% | |
21 | Scandium | 45 | { }^{45} \mathrm{Sc} | 44.955 910 | 100% | |
22 | Titanio | 48 | { }^{48} \mathrm{Ti} | 47.947 947 | 73.8% | |
23 | Vanadio | 51 | { }^{51} \mathrm{~V} | 50.943 962 | 99.75% | |
24 | Cromo | 52 | { }^{52} \mathrm{Cr} | 51.940 509 | 83.79% | |
25 | Manganeso | 55 | { }^{55} \mathrm{Mn} | 54.938 047 | 100% | |
26 | Hierro | 56 | { }^{56} \mathrm{Fe} | 55.934 939 | 91.72% | |
27 | Cobalto | 59 | { }^{59} \mathrm{Co} | 58.933 198 | 100% | |
60 | { }^{60} \mathrm{Co} | 59.933 819 | \beta^{-} | 5.271 y | ||
28 | Níquel | 58 | { }^{58} \mathrm{Ni} | 57.935 346 | 68.27% | |
60 | 60 \mathrm{Ni} | 59.930 788 | 26.10% | |||
29 | Cobre | 63 | { }^{63} \mathrm{Cu} | 62.939 598 | 69.17% | |
65 | { }^{65} \mathrm{Cu} | 64.927 793 | 30.83% | |||
30 | Zinc | 64 | { }^{64} \mathrm{Zn} | 63.929 145 | 48.6% | |
66 | { }^{66} \mathrm{Zn} | 65.926 034 | 27.9% | |||
31 | Galio | 69 | { }^{69} \mathrm{Ga} | 68.925 580 | 60,1% | |
32 | Germanio | 72 | { }^{72} \mathrm{Ge} | 71.922 079 | 27.4% | |
74 | { }^{74} \mathrm{Ge} | 73.921 177 | 36.5% | |||
33 | Arsénico | 75 | { }^{75} \mathrm{As} | 74.921 594 | 100% | |
34 | Selenio | 80 | { }^{80} \mathrm{Se} | 79.916 520 | 49.7% | |
35 | Bromo | 79 | { }^{79} \mathrm{Br} | 78.918 336 | 50.69% | |
36 | Krypton | 84 | { }^{84} \mathrm{Kr} | 83.911 507 | 57.0% | |
37 | Rubidio | 85 | { }^{85} \mathrm{Rb} | 84.911 794 | 72.17% | |
38 | Estroncio | 86 | { }^{86} \mathrm{Sr} | 85.909 267 | 9.86% | |
88 | { }^{88} \mathrm{Sr} | 87.905 619 | 82.58% | |||
90 | { }^{90} \mathrm{Sr} | 89.907 738 | \beta^{-} | 28.8 y | ||
39 | Itrio | 89 | { }^{89} \mathrm{Y} | 88.905 849 | 100% | |
90 | { }^{90} \mathrm{Y} | 89.907 152 | \beta^{-} | 64.1 h | ||
40 | Circonio | 90 | { }^{90} \mathrm{Zr} | 89.904 703 | 51.45% | |
41 | Niobio | 93 | { }^{93} \mathrm{Nb} | 92.906 377 | 100% | |
42 | Molibdeno | 98 | { }^{98} \mathrm{Mo} | 97.905 406 | 24.13% | |
43 | Tecnecio | 98 | { }^{98} \mathrm{Tc} | 97.907 215 | \beta^{-} | 4.2 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{y} |
44 | Rutenio | 102 | { }^{102} \mathrm{Ru} | 101.904 348 | 31.6% | |
45 | Rhodium | 103 | { }^{103} \mathrm{Rh} | 102.905 500 | 100% | |
46 | Paladio | 106 | { }^{106} \mathrm{Pd} | 105.903 478 | 27.33% | |
47 | Plata | 107 | { }^{107} \mathrm{Ag} | 106.905 092 | 51.84% | |
109 | { }^{109} \mathrm{Ag} | 108.904 757 | 48.16% | |||
48 | Cadmio | 114 | { }^{114} \mathrm{Cd} | 113.903 357 | 28.73% | |
49 | Indio | 115 | { }^{115} \mathrm{In} | 114.903 880 | 95.7%,\beta^{-} | 4.4 \times 10^{14} \mathrm{y} |
50 | Estaño | 120 | { }^{120} \mathrm{Sn} | 119.902 200 | 32.59% | |
51 | Antimonio | 121 | { }^{121} \mathrm{Sb} | 120.903 821 | 57.3% | |
52 | Telurio | 130 | { }^{130} \mathrm{Te} | 129.906 229 | 33.8%,\beta^{-} | 2.5 \times 10^{21} \mathrm{y} |
53 | Yodo | 127 | { }^{127} \mathrm{I} | 126.904 473 | 100% | |
131 | { }^{131} \mathrm{I} | 130.906 114 | \beta^{-} | 8.040 d | ||
54 | Xenon | 132 | { }^{132} \mathrm{Xe} | 131.904 144 | 26.9% | |
136 | { }^{136} \mathrm{Xe} | 135.907 214 | 8.9% | |||
55 | Cesio | 133 | { }^{133} \mathrm{Cs} | 132.905 429 | 100% | |
134 | { }^{134} \mathrm{Cs} | 133.906 696 | CE,\beta^{-} | 2.06 y | ||
56 | Bario | 137 | { }^{137} \mathrm{Ba} | 136.905 812 | 11.23% | |
138 | { }^{138} \mathrm{Ba} | 137.905 232 | 71.70% | |||
57 | Lantano | 139 | { }^{139} \mathrm{La} | 138.906 346 | 99.91% | |
58 | Cerio | 140 | { }^{140} \mathrm{Ce} | 139.905 433 | 88.48% | |
59 | Praseodimio | 141 | { }^{141} \mathrm{Pr} | 140.907 647 | 100% | |
60 | Neodimio | 142 | { }^{142} \mathrm{Nd} | 141.907 719 | 27.13% | |
61 | Prometio | 145 | { }^{145} \mathrm{Pm} | 144.912 743 | CE,\alpha | 17.7 y |
62 | Samario | 152 | { }^{152} \mathrm{Sm} | 151.919 729 | 26.7% | |
63 | Europio | 153 | { }^{153} \mathrm{Eu} | 152.921 225 | 52.2% | |
64 | Gadolinio | 158 | { }^{158} \mathrm{Gd} | 157.924 099 | 24.84% | |
65 | Terbio | 159 | { }^{159} \mathrm{Tb} | 158.925 342 | 100% | |
66 | Disprosio | 164 | { }^{164} \mathrm{Dy} | 163.929 171 | 28.2% | |
67 | Holmio | 165 | { }^{165} \mathrm{Ho} | 164.930 319 | 100% | |
68 | Erbio | 166 | { }^{166} \mathrm{Er} | 165.930 290 | 33.6% | |
69 | Tulio | 169 | { }^{169} \mathrm{Tm} | 168.934 212 | 100% | |
70 | Iterbio | 174 | { }^{174} \mathrm{Yb} | 173.938 859 | 31.8% | |
71 | Lutecio | 175 | { }^{175} \mathrm{Lu} | 174.940 770 | 97.41% | |
72 | Hafnio | 180 | { }^{180} \mathrm{Hf} | 179.946 545 | 35.10% | |
73 | Tantalio | 181 | { }^{181} \mathrm{Ta} | 180.947 992 | 99.98% | |
74 | Tungsteno | 184 | { }^{184} \mathrm{W} | 183.950 928 | 30.67% | |
75 | renio | 187 | { }^{187} \mathrm{Re} | 186.955 744 | 62.6%,\beta^{-} | 4.6 \times 10^{10} \mathrm{y} |
76 | Osmio | 191 | { }^{191} \mathrm{Os} | 190.960 920 | \beta^{-} | 15.4 d |
192 | { }^{192} \mathrm{Os} | 191.961 467 | 41.0% | |||
77 | Iridio | 191 | { }^{191} \mathrm{Ir} | 190.960 584 | 37.3% | |
193 | { }^{193} \mathrm{Ir} | 192.962 917 | 62.7% | |||
78 | Platino | 195 | { }^{195} \mathrm{Pt} | 194.964 766 | 33.8% | |
79 | Oro | 197 | { }^{197} \mathrm{Au} | 196.966 543 | 100% | |
198 | { }^{198} \mathrm{Au} | 197.968 217 | \beta^{-} | 2.696 d | ||
80 | Mercurio | 199 | { }^{199} \mathrm{Hg} | 198.968 253 | 16.87% | |
202 | { }^{202} \mathrm{Hg} | 201.970 617 | 29.86% | |||
81 | Talio | 205 | { }^{205} \mathrm{Tl} | 204.974 401 | 70.48% | |
82 | Plomo | 206 | { }^{206} \mathrm{Pb} | 205.974 440 | 24.1% | |
207 | { }^{207} \mathrm{Pb} | 206.975 872 | 22.1% | |||
208 | { }^{208} \mathrm{Pb} | 207.976 627 | 52.4% | |||
210 | { }^{210} \mathrm{Pb} | 209.984 163 | \alpha, \beta^{-} | 22.3 y | ||
211 | { }^{211} \mathrm{Pb} | 210.988 735 | \beta^{-} | 36.1 min | ||
212 | { }^{212} \mathrm{Pb} | 211.991 871 | \beta^{-} | 10.64 h | ||
83 | Bismuto | 209 | { }^{209} \mathrm{Bi} | 208.980 374 | 100% | |
211 | { }^{211} \mathrm{Bi} | 210.987 255 | \alpha, \beta^{-} | 2.14 min | ||
84 | Polonio | 210 | { }^{210} \mathrm{Po} | 209.982 848 | \alpha | 138.38 d |
85 | Asatino | 218 | { }^{218} \mathrm{At} | 218.008 684 | \alpha, \beta^{-} | 1.6 s |
86 | Radón | 222 | { }^{222} \mathrm{Rn} | 222.017 570 | \alpha | 3.82 d |
87 | Francium | 223 | { }^{223} \mathrm{Fr} | 223.019 733 | \alpha, \beta^{-} | 21.8 min |
88 | Radio | 226 | { }^{226} \mathrm{Ra} | 226.025 402 | \alpha | 1.60 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{y} |
89 | Actinium | 227 | { }^{227} \mathrm{Ac} | 227.027 750 | \alpha, \beta^{-} | 21.8 y |
90 | Torio | 228 | { }^{228} \mathrm{Th} | 228.028 715 | \alpha | 1.91 y |
232 | { }^{232} \mathrm{Th} | 232.038 054 | 100%,\alpha | 1.41 \times 10^{10} \mathrm{y} | ||
91 | Protactinio | 231 | { }^{231} \mathrm{~Pa} | 231.035 880 | \alpha | 3.28 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{y} |
92 | Uranio | 233 | { }^{233} \mathrm{U} | 233.039 628 | \alpha | 1.59 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{y} |
235 | { }^{235} \mathrm{U} | 235.043 924 | 0.720%,\alpha | 7.04 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{y} | ||
236 | { }^{236} \mathrm{U} | 236.045 562 | \alpha | 2.34 \times 10^{7} \mathrm{y} | ||
238 | { }^{238} \mathrm{U} | 238.050 784 | 99.2745%,\alpha | 4.47 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{y} | ||
239 | { }^{239} \mathrm{U} | 239.054 289 | \beta^{-} | 23.5 min | ||
93 | Neptunio | 239 | { }^{239} \mathrm{Np} | 239.052 933 | \beta^{-} | 2.355 d |
94 | Plutonio | 239 | { }^{239} \mathrm{Pu} | 239.052 157 | \alpha | 2.41 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{y} |
95 | Americio | 243 | { }^{243} \mathrm{Am} | 243.061 375 | \alpha, fisión | 7.37 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{y} |
96 | Curium | 245 | { }^{245} \mathrm{Cm} | 245.065 483 | \alpha | 8.50 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{y} |
97 | Berkelio | 247 | { }^{247} \mathrm{Bk} | 247.070 300 | \alpha | 1.38 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{y} |
98 | Californium | 249 | { }^{249} \mathrm{Cf} | 249.074 844 | \alpha | 351 y |
99 | Einsteinium | 254 | { }^{254} \mathrm{Es} | 254.088 019 | \alpha, \beta^{-} | 276 d |
100 | Fermio | 253 | { }^{253} \mathrm{Fm} | 253.085 173 | CE,\alpha | 3.00 d |
101 | Mendelevium | 255 | { }^{255} \mathrm{Md} | 255.091 081 | CE,\alpha | 27 min |
102 | Nobelium | 255 | { }^{255} \mathrm{No} | 255.093 260 | CE,\alpha | 3.1 min |
103 | Lawrencium | 257 | { }^{257} \mathrm{Lr} | 257.099 480 | CE,\alpha | 0.646 s |
104 | Rutherfordium | 261 | { }^{261} \mathrm{Rf} | 261.108 690 | \alpha | 1.08 min |
105 | Dubnium | 262 | { }^{262} \mathrm{Db} | 262.113 760 | \alpha, fisión | 34 s |
106 | Seaborgium | 263 | { }^{263} \mathrm{Sg} | 263.11 86 | \alpha, fisión | 0.8 s |
107 | Bohrium | 262 | { }^{262} \mathrm{Bh} | 262.123 1 | \alpha | 0.102 s |
108 | Hassium | 264 | { }^{264} \mathrm{Hs} | 264.128 5 | \alpha | 0.08 ms |
109 | Meitnerium | 266 | { }^{266} \mathrm{Mt} | 266.137 8 | \alpha | 3.4 ms |