For the moment, when we talk about a non-equilibrium system, we mean a system that can do various forms of work. In the context of biological systems, work ranges from generating and maintaining molec...For the moment, when we talk about a non-equilibrium system, we mean a system that can do various forms of work. In the context of biological systems, work ranges from generating and maintaining molecular gradients and driving other unfavorable, that is energy-requiring reactions, such as the synthesis of a wide range of biomolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, required for growth, reproduction, the generation of movement, and so on.
