7.1: Propiedades del material
- Page ID
- 83283
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)
\( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)
\( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
| MATERIAL | Tipo | Costo ($/kg) |
Densidad \((\rho, Mg/m^3)\) |
Módulo de Young (\(E\), GPa) |
Módulo de cizallamiento (\(G\), GPa) |
Relación de Poisson (v) | Tensión de fluencia (\(\sigma_Y\), MPa) |
UTS (\(\sigma_f\), MPa) |
Tensión de rotura (\(\epsilon_f\),%) |
Dureza a la fractura (\(K_c, MN m^{-3/2}\)) |
Expansión Térmica (\(\alpha, 10^{-6}/C\)) |
| Alúmina (\(Al_2O_3\)) | cerámica | 1.90 | 3.9 | 390 | 125 | 0.26 | 4800 | 35 | 0.0 | 4.4 | 8.1 |
| Aleación de aluminio (7075-T6) | metal | 1.80 | 2.7 | 70 | 28 | 0.34 | 500 | 570 | 12 | 28 | 33 |
| Aleación de berilio | metal | 315.00 | 2.9 | 245 | 110 | 0.12 | 360 | 500 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 14 |
| Hueso (compacto) | natural | 1.90 | 2.0 | 14 | 3.5 | 0.43 | 100 | 100 | 9.0 | 5.0 | 20 |
| Latón (70Cu30Zn, recocido) | metal | 2.20 | 8.4 | 130 | 39 | 0.33 | 75 | 325 | 70.0 | 80 | 20 |
| Cermets (Co/WC) | compuesto | 78.60 | 11.5 | 470 | 200 | 0.30 | 650 | 1200 | 2.5 | 13 | 5.8 |
| Laminado CFRP (grafito) | compuesto | 110.00 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 53 | 0.28 | 200 | 550 | 2.0 | 38 | 12 |
| Concreto | cerámica | 0.05 | 2.5 | 48 | 20 | 0.20 | 25 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.75 | 11 |
| Aleaciones de cobre | metal | 2.25 | 8.3 | 135 | 50 | 0.35 | 510 | 720 | 0.3 | 94 | 18 |
| Cork | natural | 9.95 | 0.18 | 0.032 | 0.005 | 0.25 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 80 | 0.074 | 180 |
| Epoxi termoestable | polímero | 5.50 | 1.2 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 0.25 | 45 | 45 | 4.0 | 0.50 | 60 |
| Laminado GFRP (vidrio) | compuesto | 3.90 | 1.8 | 26 | 10 | 0.28 | 125 | 530 | 2.0 | 40 | 19 |
| Vidrio (soda) | cerámica | 1.35 | 2.5 | 65 | 26 | 0.23 | 3500 | 35 | 0.0 | 0.71 | 8.8 |
| Granito | cerámica | 3.15 | 2.6 | 66 | 26 | 0.25 | 2500 | 60 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 6.5 |
| Hielo (\(H_2O\)) | cerámica | 0.23 | 0.92 | 9.1 | 3.6 | 0.28 | 85 | 6.5 | 0.0 | 0.11 | 55 |
| Aleaciones de plomo | metal | 1.20 | 11.1 | 16 | 5.5 | 0.45 | 33 | 42 | 60 | 40 | 29 |
| Aleaciones de níquel | metal | 6.10 | 8.5 | 180 | 70 | 0.31 | 900 | 1200 | 30 | 93 | 13 |
| Poliamida (nylon) | polímero | 4.30 | 1.1 | 3.0 | 0.76 | 0.42 | 40 | 55 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 103 |
| Elastómero de polibutadieno | polímero | 1.20 | 0.91 | 0.0016 | 0.0005 | 0.50 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 500 | 0.087 | 140 |
| Policarbonato | polímero | 4.90 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 0.97 | 0.42 | 70 | 77 | 60 | 2.6 | 70 |
| Poliéster termoestable | polímero | 3.00 | 1.3 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 0.25 | 50 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 0.70 | 150 |
| Polietileno (HDPE) | polímero | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.7 | 0.31 | 0.42 | 25 | 33 | 90 | 3.5 | 225 |
| Polipropileno | polímero | 1.10 | 0.89 | 0.9 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 35 | 45 | 90 | 3.0 | 85 |
| Elastómero de poliuretano | polímero | 4.00 | 1.2 | 0.025 | 0.0086 | 0.50 | 30 | 30 | 500 | 0.30 | 125 |
| Cloruro de polivinilo (PVC rígido) | polímero | 1.50 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.42 | 53 | 60 | 50 | 0.54 | 75 |
| Silicio | cerámica | 2.35 | 2.3 | 110 | 44 | 0.24 | 3200 | 35 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 6 |
| Carburo de silicio (SiC) | cerámica | 36.00 | 2.8 | 450 | 190 | 0.15 | 9800 | 35 | 0.0 | 4.2 | 4.2 |
| Abeto (paralelo al grano) | natural | 1.00 | 0.60 | 9 | 0.8 | 0.30 | 48 | 50 | 10 | 2.5 | 4 |
| Acero, alta resistencia 4340 | metal | 0.25 | 7.8 | 210 | 76 | 0.29 | 1240 | 1550 | 2.5 | 100 | 14 |
| Acero, suave 1020 | metal | 0.50 | 7.8 | 210 | 76 | 0.29 | 200 | 380 | 25 | 140 | 14 |
| Acero inoxidable austenítico 304 | metal | 2.70 | 7.8 | 210 | 76 | 0.28 | 240 | 590 | 60 | 50 | 17 |
| Aleación de titanio (6Al4V) | metal | 16.25 | 4.5 | 100 | 39 | 0.36 | 910 | 950 | 15 | 85 | 9.4 |
| Carburo de tungsteno (WC) | cerámica | 50.00 | 15.5 | 550 | 270 | 0.21 | 6800 | 35 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 5.8 |