Libro: Química - La Ciencia Central (Brown et al.)
Última actualización
Guardar como PDF
1
Chapter 1: Introduction: Matter and Measurement
1.1: The Study of Chemistry
1.2: Classification of Matter
1.3: Properties of Matter
1.4: Units of Measurement
1.5: Uncertainty in Measurement
1.6: Dimensional Analysis
1.E: Matter and Measurement (Exercises)
1.S: Matter and Measurement (Summary)
• 2
Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
2.1: The Atomic Theory of Matter
2.2: The Discovery of Atomic Structure
2.3: The Modern View of Atomic Structure
2.4: Atomic Mass
2.5: The Periodic Table
2.6: Molecules and Molecular Compounds
2.7: Ions and Ionic Compounds
2.8: Naming Inorganic Compounds
2.9: Some Simple Organic Compounds
2.E: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (Exercises)
2.S: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (Summary)
• 3
Chapter 3: Stoichiometry: Chemical Formulas and Equations
3.1: Chemical Equations
3.2: Some Simple Patterns of Chemical Reactivity
3.3: Formula Masses
3.4: Avogadro's Number and the Mole
3.5: Empirical Formulas from Analysis
3.6: Quantitative Information from Balanced Equations
3.7: Limiting Reactants
3.E: Stoichiometry (Exercises)
3.S: Stoichiometry (Summary)
• 4
Chapter 4: Reactions in Aqueous Solution
4.1: General Properties of Aqueous Solutions
4.2: Precipitation Reactions
4.3: Acid-Base Reactions
4.4: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
4.5: Concentration of Solutions
4.6: Solution Stoichiometry and Chemical Analysis
4.E: Reactions in Aqueous Solution (Exercises)
4.S: Reactions in Aqueous Solution (Summary)
• 5
Chapter 5: Thermochemistry
5.1: The Nature of Energy
5.2: The First Law of Thermodynamics
5.3: Enthalpy
5.4: Enthalpy of Reaction
5.5: Calorimetry
5.6: Hess's Law
5.7: Enthalpies of Formation
5.8: Foods and Fuels
5.E: Thermochemistry (Exercises)
5.S: Thermochemistry (Summary)
• 6
Chapter 6: Electronic Structure of Atoms
6.1: The Wave Nature of Light
6.2: Quantized Energy and Photons
6.3: Line Spectra and the Bohr Model
6.4: The Wave Behavior of Matter
6.5: Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Orbitals
6.6: 3D Representation of Orbitals
6.7: Many-Electron Atoms
6.8: Electron Configurations
6.9: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
6.E: Electronic Structure of Atoms (Exercises)
6.S: Electronic Structure of Atoms (Summary)
• 7
Chapter 7: Periodic Properties of the Elements
7.1: Development of the Periodic Table
7.2: Effective Nuclear Charge
7.3: Sizes of Atoms and Ions
7.4: Ionization Energy
7.5: Electron Affinities
7.6: Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
7.7: Group Trends for the Active Metals
7.8: Group Trends for Selected Nonmetals
7.E: Periodic Properties of the Elements (Exercises)
7.S: Periodic Properties of the Elements (Summary)
• 8
Chapter 8: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
8.1: Chemical Bonds, Lewis Symbols, and the Octet Rule
8.2: Ionic Bonding
8.3: Covalent Bonding
8.4: Bond Polarity and Electronegativity
8.5: Drawing Lewis Structures
8.6: Resonance Structures
8.7: Exceptions to the Octet Rule
8.8: Strength of Covalent Bonds
8.E: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding (Exercises)
8.S: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding (Summary)
• 9
Chapter 9: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
9.1: Molecular Shapes
9.2: The VSEPR Model
9.3: Molecular Shape and Molecular Polarity
9.4: Covalent Bonding and Orbital Overlap
9.5: Hybrid Orbitals
9.6: Multiple Bonds
9.7: Molecular Orbitals
9.8: Second-Row Diatomic Molecules
9.E: Exercises
9.S: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories (Summary)
• 10
Chapter 10: Gases
10.1: Characteristics of Gases
10.2: Pressure
10.3: The Gas Laws
10.4: The Ideal Gas Equation
10.5: Further Applications of the Ideal-Gas Equations
10.6: Gas Mixtures and Partial Pressures
10.7: Kinetic-Molecular Theory
10.8: Molecular Effusion and Diffusion
10.9: Real Gases - Deviations from Ideal Behavior
10.E: Exercises
10.S: Gases (Summary)
• 11
Chapter 11: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces
11.1: A Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids
11.2: Intermolecular Forces
11.3: Some Properties of Liquids
11.4: Phase Changes
11.5: Vapor Pressure
11.6: Phase Diagrams
11.7: Structure of Solids
11.8: Bonding in Solids
11.E: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces (Exercises)
11.S: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces (Summary)
• 12
Chapter 12: Solids and Modern Materials
12.1: Classes of Materials
12.2: Materials for Structure
12.3: Materials for Medicine
12.4: Materials for Electronics
12.5: Materials for Optics
12.6: Materials for Nanotechnology
12.E: Solids and Modern Materials (Exercises)
• 13
Chapter 13: Properties of Solutions
13.1: The Solution Process
13.2: Saturated Solutions and Solubility
13.3: Factors Affecting Solubility
13.4: Ways of Expressing Concentration
13.5: Colligative Properties
13.6: Colloids
13.E: Properties of Solutions (Exercises)
13.S: Properties of Solutions (Summary)
• 14
Chapter 14: Chemical Kinetics
14.1: Factors that Affect Reaction Rates
14.2: Reaction Rates
14.3: Concentration and Rates (Differential Rate Laws)
14.4: The Change of Concentration with Time (Integrated Rate Laws)
14.5: Temperature and Rate
14.6: Reaction Mechanisms
14.7: Catalysis
14.E: Exercises
14.S: Chemical Kinetics (Summary)
• 15
Chapter 15: Chemical Equilibrium
15.1: The Concept of Equilibrium
15.2: The Equilibrium Constant
15.3: Interpreting & Working with Equilibrium Constants
15.4: Heterogeneous Equilibria
15.5: Calculating Equilibrium Constants
15.6: Applications of Equilibrium Constants
15.7: Le Châtelier's Principle
15.E: Exercises
15.S: Chemical Equilibrium (Summary)
• 16
Chapter 16: Acid–Base Equilibria
16.1: Acids and Bases: A Brief Review
16.2: Brønsted–Lowry Acids and Bases
16.3: The Autoionization of Water
16.4: The pH Scale
16.5: Strong Acids and Bases
16.6: Weak Acids
16.7: Weak Bases
16.8: Relationship Between KaKa and KbKb
16.9: Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions
16.10: Acid-Base Behavior and Chemical Structure
16.11: Lewis Acids and Bases
16.E: Acid–Base Equilibria (Exercises)
16.S: Acid–Base Equilibria (Summary)
• 17
Chapter 17: Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria
17.1: The Common-Ion Effect
17.2: Buffered Solutions
17.3: Acid-Base Titrations
17.4: Solubility Equilibria
17.5: Factors that Affect Solubility
17.6: Precipitation and Separation of Ions
17.7: Qualitative Analysis for Metallic Elements
17.E: Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria (Exercises)
17.S: Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria (Summary)
• 18
Chapter 18: Chemistry of the Environment
18.1: Earth's Atmosphere
18.2: Outer Regions of the Atmosphere
18.3: Ozone in the Upper Atmostphere
18.4: Chemistry of the Troposphere
18.5: The World Ocean
18.6: Fresh Water
18.7: Green Chemistry
18.E: Chemistry of the Environment (Exercises)
• 19
Chapter 19: Chemical Thermodynamics
19.1: Spontaneous Processes
19.2: Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
19.3: The Molecular Interpretation of Entropy
19.4: Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions
19.5: Gibbs Free Energy
19.6: Free Energy and Temperature
19.7: Free Energy and the Equilibrium Constant
19.E: Chemical Thermodynamics (Exercises)
• 20
Chapter 20: Electrochemistry
20.1: Oxidation States & Redox Reactions
20.2: Balanced Oxidation-Reduction Equations
20.3: Voltaic Cells
20.4: Cell Potential Under Standard Conditions
20.5: Gibbs Energy and Redox Reactions
20.6: Cell Potential Under Nonstandard Conditions
20.7: Batteries and Fuel Cells
20.8: Corrosion
20.9: Electrolysis
20.E: Electrochemistry (Exercises)
• 21
Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry
21.1: Radioactivity
21.2: Patterns of Nuclear Stability
21.3: Nuclear Transmutations
21.4: Rates of Radioactive Decay
21.6: Energy Changes in Nuclear Reactions
21.7: Nuclear Fission
21.8: Nuclear Fusion
21.9: Biological Effects of Radiation
21.E: Exercises
21.S: Nuclear Chemistry (Summary)
• 22
Chapter 22: Chemistry of the Nonmetals
22.1: General Concepts: Periodic Trends and Reactions
22.2: Hydrogen
22.3: Group 18: Nobel Gases
22.4: Group 17: The Halogens
22.5: Oxygen
22.6: The Other Group 16 Elements: S, Se, Te, and Po
22.7: Nitrogen
22.8: The Other Group 15 Elements: P, AS, Sb, and Bi
22.9: Carbon
22.10: The Other Group 14 Elements: Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb
22.11: Boron
22.E: Chemistry of the Nonmetals (Exercises)
22.S: Chemistry of the Nonmetals (Summary)
• 23
Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy
23.1: Occurance and Distribution of Metals
23.2: Pyrometallurgy
23.3: Hydrometallurgy
23.4: Electrometallurgy
23.5: Metallic Bonding
23.6: Alloys
23.7: Transition Metals
23.8: Chemistry of Selected Transition Metals
23.E: Metals and Metallurgy (Exercises)
• 24
Chapter 24: Chemistry of Coordination Chemistry
24.1: Metal Complexes
24.2: Ligands with more than one Donor Atom
24.3: Nomenclature of Coordination Chemistry
24.4: Isomerization
24.5: Color and Magnetism
24.6: Crystal Field Theory
24.E: Chemistry of Coordination Chemistry (Exercises)
• 25
Chapter 25: Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
25.1: General Characteristics of Organic Molecules
25.2: Introduction to Hydrocarbons
25.3: Alkanes
25.4: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
25.5: Functional Groups
25.6: Compounds with a Carbonyl Group
25.7: Chirality in Organic Chemistry
25.8: Introduction to Biochemistry
25.9: Proteins
25.10: Carbohydrates
25.11: Nucleic Acids
25.E: Organic and Biological Chemistry (Exercises)
25.S: Organic and Biological Chemistry (Summary)
• Homework
1.E: Matter and Measurement (Exercises)
2.E: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (Exercises)
3.E: Stoichiometry (Exercises)
4.E: Aqueous Reactions (Exercises)
5.E: Thermochemistry (Exercises)
6.E: Electronic Structure (Exercises)
7.E: Periodic Trends (Exercises)
8.E: Chemical Bonding Basics (Exercises)
9.E: Bonding Theories (Exercises)
10.E: Gases (Exercises)
11.E: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces (Exercises)
12.E. Solids and Modern Materials (Exercises)
13.E: Properties of Solutions (Exercises)
14.E: Kinetics (Exercises)
15.E: Chemical Equilibrium (Exercises)
16.E: Acid–Base Equilibria (Exercises)
17.E: Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria (Exercises)
18.E: Chemistry of the Environment (Exercises)
19.E: Chemical Thermodynamics (Exercises)
20.E: Electrochemistry (Exercises)
21.E: Nuclear Chemistry (Exercises)
22.E: Chemistry of the Nonmetals (Exercises)
23.E: Metals and Metallurgy (Exercises)
24.E: Chemistry of Coordination Chemistry (Exercises)
25.E: Organic and Biological Chemistry (Exercises)
Template:HideTOC
Este mapa de texto está diseñado para el curso de química general de dos semestres y se ha desarrollado para cumplir con el alcance y la secuencia de los cursos de química más generales. La organización sigue el libro de texto "Chemistry: the Central Science" de Brown et al., Pero el contenido difiere en detalle.