22.5: Las constantes de ionización de los ácidos débiles
- Page ID
- 1990
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)| Las constantes de ionización de los ácidos débiles | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| el ácido | la fórmula | Ka a 25 °C | La estructura de Lewis |
| la estructura de Lewis | CH3CO2H | 1.8 × 10−5 | |
| el arsénico | H3AsO4 | 5.5 × 10−3 |  |
 |
1.7 × 10−7 | ||
| 5.1 × 10−12 | |||
| el arsenal | H3AsO3 | 5.1 × 10−10 |  |
| el bórico | H3BO3 | 5.4 × 10−10 |  |
| el carbónico | H2CO3 | 4.3 × 10−7 |  |
 |
4.7 × 10−11 | ||
| el cianico | HCNO | 2 × 10−4 |  |
| el fórmico | HCO2H | 1.8 × 10−4 |  |
| el hidrazoico | HN3 | 2.5 × 10−5 |  |
| el cianhídrico | HCN | 4.9 × 10−10 | |
| el hidrofluórico | HF | 3.5 × 10−4 | |
| el peróxido de hidrógeno | H2O2 | 2.4 × 10−12 |  |
| el seleniuro de hidrógeno | H2Se | 1.29 × 10−4 | |
| HSe– | 1 × 10−12 | ||
| el ion sulfato de hidrógeno |  |
1.2 × 10−2 |  |
| el sulfuro de hidrógeno | H2S | 8.9 × 10−8 | |
| HS– | 1.0 × 10−19 | ||
| el telururo de hidrógeno | H2Te | 2.3 × 10−3 | |
| HTe– | 1.6 × 10−11 | ||
| el hipobromoso | HBrO | 2.8 × 10−9 | |
| el hipocloroso | HClO | 2.9 × 10−8 | |
| el nitroso | HNO2 | 4.6 × 10−4 |  |
| el oxálico | H2C2O4 | 6.0 × 10−2 |  |
 |
6.1 × 10−5 | ||
| el fosfórico | H3PO4 | 7.5 × 10−3 |  |
 |
6.2 × 10−8 | ||
 |
4.2 × 10−13 | ||
| el fosforoso | H3PO3 | 5 × 10−2 |  |
 |
2.0 × 10−7 | ||
| el sulfuroso | H2SO3 | 1.6 × 10−2 |  |
 |
6.4 × 10−8 | ||