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6.2: The Preterite

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    173584
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    The Preterite

    The preterite verb tense is used to describe completed actions in the past.  In English we can use the helping verb did and an infinitive, or the past tense. In Spanish we use a conjugated form of a verb. The verb ending depends on the subject and the whether it is an -AR, -ER, or -IR verb. 

    Some examples of regular verbs in the preterite are  

                             estudiar                                             comer                                          vivir

    estudié         estudiamos                 comí             comimos                     viví           vivimos

    estudiaste     estudiasteis                comiste         comisteis                    viviste       vivisteis

    estudió         estudiaron                  comió           comieron                    vivió          vivieron

    Notice how the -er and -ir verbs share the same preterite endings. 

    Also notice that the two of these six endings have a written accent mark in all of the endings, those for -AR, -ER, and -IR verbs.

     

    Only -IR verbs will stem-change in the preterite tense.  Unlike the present tense where four of the conjugations have a stem-change, only two forms have a stem-change in the preterite: the él/ella/usted and the ellos/ellas/ustedes forms have a vowel that changes. 

                          pedir                                             preferir                                              dormir

    pedí              pedimos                 preferí        preferimos                        dormí           dormimos

    pediste         pedisteis                 preferiste   preferisteis                        dormiste       dormisteis

    pidió             pidieron                 prefirió       prefirieron                         durmió         durmieron    

    Verbs that end in CAR, GAR, or ZAR have a spelling change in the yo form of the preterite tense.

                          tocar                                              jugar                                                almorzar

    toqué           tocamos              jugué          jugamos                          almorcé              almorzamos

    tocaste         tocasteis              jugaste        jugasteis                          almorzaste          almorzasteis

    tocó             tocaron               jugó             jugaron                           almorzó              almorzaron

    Verbs that end in a vowel before the -ER or -IR ending have an I that changes to a Y in two of their preterite conjugations.

                             oír                                            leer                                                       caer

    oí                 oímos                   leí                 leímos                              caí                caímos         

    oíste             oísteis                  leíste             leísteis                             caíste            caísteis

    oyó               oyeron                 leyó              leyeron                             cayó             cayeron

    The I changes to a Y to avoid having too many vowels together in the él/ella/usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes forms.

    Also notice how all but the ellos/ellas/ustedes forms have written accent marks.

    The verb ver has regular conjugations but has no written accent marks in the preterite.

                              ver

    vi                  vimos

    viste             visteis

    vio                vieron

    Some verbs are irregular in the preterite tense.  It is important and useful to memorize these irregular forms.  Notice how irregular verbs in the preterite do not have written accent marks.

    The verbs ser and ir share the same irregular conjugations in the preterite.  Context will help you determine if the speaker or writer is using ser or ir.

                          ser/ir

    fui                 fuimos

    fuiste            fuisteis

    fue               fueron

    The following verbs have a I in the stem of their preterite conjugations.

    hacer            hic                hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron

    querer          quis              quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron

    venir             vin                vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron

    The following verbs have a U in the stem their preterite conjugations.

    estar             estuv            estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvisteis, estuvieron    

    poder            pud               pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron

    poner            pus               puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron

    saber            sup               supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron

    tener            tuv                tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron

    The following verbs have a J in the stem of their preterite conjugations.

    conducir        conduj          conduje, condujiste, condujo, condujimos, condujisteis, condujeron

    decir             dij                 dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron

    traducir         traduj            traduje, tradujiste, tradujo, tradujimos, tradujisteis, tradujeron

    traer             traj               traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis, trajeron

    Notice how verbs in this group do not have the I in the last conjugation.

        

    Read through these irregular verbs again. Saying these irregular forms can help you remember them.                                                   

    With practice, using the preterite tense can feel natural. So, let's practice.

     

    Prácticas.

    A.    Pick three verbs and conjugate them in the preterite tense.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    B.    Conjugate each of the verbs in the preterite in the indicated form.

    1.  El cantante (bailar)                                        la salsa.

    2.  Yo (comer)                                                    unos tacos muy ricos.

    3.  Tú (cantar)                                                    la letra.

    4.  La chica (beber)                                             un refresco.

    5.  La profesora (explicar)                                    la gramática.

    6.  Tú (tocar)                                                     el piano.

    7. Uds. (jugar)                                                    al fútbol. 

    8. Ud. (correr)                                                    tres millas.

    9. Nosotros (caminar)                                         alrededor del campus.

    10. Uds. (comprender)                                        este tiempo verbal.

    11. Tú (cocinar)                                                  unos postres.

    12.La atleta (patinar)                                           en el programa.

    13. Yo (entender)                                                el pretérito.

    14. Mis amigos (alegrarse)                                   a menudo.

    15. La familia (ir)                                                al cine.

    16. La planta (morir)                                           .

    17. El chico (prepararse)                                      con prisa.

    18. Tú (romper)                                                 el vaso.

    19. Ud. (volver)                                                   .

    20. Yo (tocar)                                                     el clarinete.

    21. Yo (jugar)                                                     al tenis.

    22. Yo (almorzar)                                                tarde.

    23. Ella (ser)                                                       joven.

    24. Usted (ver)                                                    la obra de teatro.

    25. Tú (decir)                                                     el chiste.

    26. Ustedes (leer)                                               el libro.

    27. Nosotros (poder)                                           conjugar bien.

    28. Yo (querer)                                                    ir.

    29. El estudiante (hacer)                                       la tarea.

    30. Los estudiantes (saber)                                   la respuesta.

    C.    Translate each sentence into Spanish.

    1.  She did study.

    2.  He washed the dishes.

    3.  I ran.

    4.  They did dance.

    5.  We played soccer.

    6.  You (form., plural) used the computer.

    7.  I did clean the house.

    8.  They did their homework.

    9.  We went.

    10. She said.

    11. You (fam.) wrote.

    12. They did eat.

    13. The dog slept.

    14. I arrived early.

    15. We did prepare ourselves.

    16. She said the answer.

    17. We went to the library.

    18. You (fam.) translated the song.

    19. I brought tacos.

    20. He saw the program.

     

    D.    Complete the following sentences in Spanish.

    1.  La última cosa que estudié fue

    2.  La última cosa que comí fue

    3.  La última cosa que bebí fue

    4.  El útlimo libro que leí fue

    5.  El último programa que míré fue

    6.  La última cosa que compré fue

    7.   El último mensaje que envié fue a

    8.  La última vez que usé mi telélefono fue

    9.  La última persona a quien envíe un texto fue

    10. La última persona que me envió un texto fue

     

    E.    Write a short paragraph to explain five activities you have already completed today.  Start your paragraph with “Hoy hice muchas actividades……”

     

     

    F.    La música. The songs Te Vi by Piso 21 Llegaste Tú by Jesse & Joy and use the preterite tense. Listen to each song. Then, pick one and listen to it again.  Write the verbs that you hear in the preterite tense.

     

     

    G.   What is the preterite tense? When is it used? Explain if it is easier or harder to use the past tense in English or Spanish. Provide examples and explain you answer.

     

     

     


    6.2: The Preterite is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.