14.6: The pluperfect subjunctive
- Page ID
- 173744
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)The past perfect subjunctive
The past perfect subjunctive, or the pluscuamperfecto del subjuntivo is another subjunctive form that has two parts. It is like the present perfect subjunctive because is has two parts: a conjugated form of haber and a past participle. The past perfect subjunctive is called the past perfect subjunctive because haber is conjugated in the past subjunctive. For example
The present subjunctive Nuestra profesora quiere que tengamos éxito. Our teacher wants us to be successful.
The imperfect subjunctive Nuestra profesora quería que tuviéramos éxito. Our teacher wanted us to be successful.
The present perfect subjunctive Nuestra profesora quiere que hayamos tenido éxito. Our teacher wants us to have been successful.
The past perfect subjunctive Nuestra profesora quería que hubiéramos tenido éxito. Our teacher wanted us that we had been successful.
The first part of the past perfect of the subjunctive is the verb haber conjugagted in the imperfect subjunctive. As we have seen in the other perfect tenses, the verb haber indicates the subject and the past participle indicates the action. It is good that we already know the regular, irregular, and accented past participles. Some examples of the past perfect subjunctive are
| subjeto | conjugation of "hablar" | conjugación of "comer" | conjugación of "vivir" |
|---|---|---|---|
| yo | hubiera hablado | hubiera comido | hubiera vivido |
| tú | hubieras hablado | hubieras comido | hubieras vivido |
| él, ella, usted | hubiera hablado | hubiera comido | hubiera vivido |
| nosotros, nosotras | hubiéramos hablado | hubiéramos comido | hubiéramos vivido |
| vosotros, vosotras | hubieráis hablado | hubieráis comido | hubieráis vivido |
| ellos, ellas, ustedes | hubieran hablado | hubieran comido | hubieran vivido |
Haber is translated as had.
Note that the E in the nosotros/nosotras form requires a written accent mark.
This is a past subjunctive form because the first verb is in the past and indicates wishing, emotion, doubt, denial, an impersonal expression, negativity, or ojalá. For example
Yo quería que mis estudiantes hubieran memorizado el vocabulario. I wanted that my students had memorized the vocabulary.
Nos dio tristeza que el vaso se hubiera roto. It made us sad that the glass had broken.
Ojalá que los estudiantes hubieran ganado la beca. I wish they had won the scholarship.Ahora es tiempo para practicar el pluscuamperfecto del subjuntivo.
We have learned a lot about the subjunctive and its various forms. Let us practice this last form of the subjunctive.
Prácticas,
A. Complete each sentence with the present perfect subjunctive or an infinitive.
1. Era bueno que tú (cantar) __________________________________.
2. Quería que ustedes (usar) __________________________________ la gramática.
3. Esperábamos que la profesora (ser) ___________________________ justa.
4. La profesora dudaba que yo (hacer) _______________________________ la tarea.
5. No creíamos que la profesora (cancelar) ______________________________ nuestra clase.
6. Era bueno (escribir) __________________________________ apuntes.
7. Era importante que todo el mundo (leer) _______________________________ más.
8. Era necesario que los estudiantes (llegar) _______________________________ a tiempo.
9. ¿Creías que (ser) _______________________________bueno trabajar durante la universidad?
10. Nos gustaba (estudiar) ________________________________.
11. Era posible que ella no (hacer) ______________________________ la tarea.
12. Era bueno que ustedes (repasar) _____________________________ la gramática.
13. Mis padres querían que yo no (llegar) _____________________________ tarde.
14. Esperaba que el restaurante (abrir) _________________________________ de nuevo.
15. Queríamos (entender) _____________________________ toda la gramática en la clase.
B. Translate each sentence. It is necessary to use the present perfect subjunctive.
1. I wanted that my students had learned to conjugate.
2. It was good that we had learned Spanish.
3. We hoped that the homework had been completed.
4. It was important that the students had done the homework.
5. I doubted that you had slept enough.
6. Did you believe that we had learned the grammar.?
7. It was sad that the plant had died.
8. It was necessary that they had gone to class.
9. The city prohibited that we had parked there.
10. It was fun that we had answered the questions.
C. Complete each sentence in a logical way. Be sure to use the pluscuamperfecto del subjuntivo.
1. Yo quería que la profesora ______________________________________________.
2. Era importante que nosotros _____________________________________________.
3. Esperaba que mis amigos ________________________________________________.
4. ¿Creías que la unversidad ______________________________________________?
5. La profesora dudaba que nosostros ________________________________________.
6. No pensaba que el estacionamiento _______________________________________.
7. Era bueno que la clase _________________________________________________.
8. No era posible que la clase______________________________________________.
9. Era necesario que yo __________________________________________________.
10.La profesora sugería que nosotros_______________________________________.
D. What is the pluscuamperfecto del subjuntivo? How many parts does it have? How is is different from the present perfect subjunctive? Give three examples of sentences with the pluscuamperfecto del subjunctive.