14.5: The present perfect subjunctive
- Page ID
- 173636
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)The present perfect subjunctive
We have learned the present and imperfect subjunctives, and the present, past, future, and conditional perfects. There are perfect forms in the subjunctive, too. In this section we are going to learn the present perfect subjunctive. For example
Present subjunctive Nuestra profesora quiere que tengamos éxito. Our teacher wants us to be successful.
Imperfect subjunctive Nuestra profesora quería que tuviéramos éxito. Our teacher wanted us to be successful.
Present perfect subjunctive Nuestra profesora quería que hayamos tenido éxito. Our teacher wants us to have been successful.
The present perfect subjunctive consists of the present subjunctive of the verb haber and the past participle. As in other perfect tenses, the verb haber indicates the subject and the past participle indicates tha action. For example
| subject pronoun | Conjugation of "hablar" | Conjugation of "comer" | Conjugation of "vivir" |
|---|---|---|---|
| yo | haya hablado | haya comido | haya vivido |
| tú | hayas hablado | hayas comido | hayas vivido |
| él, ella, usted | haya hablado | haya comido | haya vivido |
| nosotros, nosotras | hayamos hablado | hayamos comido | hayamos vivido |
| vosotros, vosotras | hayáis hablado | hayáis comido | hayáis vivido |
| ellos, ellas, ustedes | hayan hablado | hayan comido | hayan vivido |
The present perfect subjunctive requires two parts, like other perfect tenses. Haber is translated as have or has.
The verbs that have irregular past participles in the present, past, future and conditional perfect tenses also have the same irregular past participle forms. These verbs are
abrir abierto opened
cubrir cubierto covered
decir dicho said
describir descrito described
descubrir descubierto discovered
escribir escrito written
hacer hecho done
morir muerto died
poner puesto put, placed
resolver resuelto resolved
romper roto broken
ver visto seen
volver vuelto returned
Read through these irregular past participles. Saying these irregular forms can help you remember them.
Verbs that end in a vowel and then an -ER or -IR require a written accent mark. For example
caer caído fallen
creer creído believed
leer leído read
oír oído heard
reír reído laughed
sonreír sonreído smiled
traer traído brought
This accent mark is necessary to make sure that the I is pronounced and does not blend into the strong vowel in front of it. Say each of these past participles and listen for the I.
Like the present subjunctive, the first part of a sentence with the present perfect subjunctive occurs in the present and contains a subject and a verb that indicates actions of desire, emotion, doubt, negation, an impersonal expression, negativity, or the word "ojalá" (I wish).
Quiero que mis estudiantes hayan memorizado el vocabulario. I want my students to have memorized the vocabulary.
Es malo que el vaso haya roto. It is bad that the glass has broken .
Ojalá que los estudiantes hayan ganado la beca. I hope the students have won the scholarship.
Remember that it is necessary to have two different subjects and the word "que" to conjugate the second verb.
Es importante que estudiemos la gramática. It is important that we study grammar.
Es importante que hayamos estudiado la gramática. It is important that we have studied grammar.
Es importante estudiar la gramática. It is important to study grammar.
With practice, the present perfect subjunctive can be easy to understand and use. So, let's practice.
Prácticas.
A. Complete each sentence with the present perfect subjunctive or an infinitive.
1. Es bueno que tú (cantar) __________________________________.
2. Quiero que ustedes (usar) __________________________________ la gramática.
3. Esperamos que la profesora (ser) ___________________________ justa.
4. La profesora duda que yo (hacer) _______________________________ la tarea.
5. No creemos que la profesora (cancelar) ______________________________ nuestra clase.
6. Es bueno (escribir) __________________________________ apuntes.
7. Es importante que todo el mundo (leer) _______________________________ más.
8. Es necesario que los estudiantes (llegar) _______________________________ a tiempo.
9. ¿Crees que (ser) _______________________________bueno trabajar durante la universidad?
10. Nos gusta (estudiar) ________________________________.
11. Es posible que ella no (hacer) ______________________________ la tarea.
12. Es bueno que ustedes (repasar) _____________________________ la gramática.
13. Mis padres quieren que yo no (llegar) _____________________________ tarde.
14. Espero que el restaurante (abrir) _________________________________ de nuevo.
15. Queremos (entender) _____________________________ toda la gramática en la clase.
B. Translate each sentence. It is necessary to use the present perfect subjunctive.
1. I want that my students have learned to conjugate.
2. It's good that we have learned Spanish.
3. We hope that the homework has been completed.
4. It's important that the students have done the homework.
5. I doubt that you have slept enough.
6. Do you believe that we have learned the grammar.?
7. It's sad that the plant has died.
8. It's necessary that they have gone to class.
9. The city prohibits that we have parked there.
10. It's fun that we have answered the questions.
C. Complete each sentence in a logical way. Be sure to use the present perfect subjunctive.
1. Yo quiero que la profesora ______________________________________________.
2. Es importante que nosotros _____________________________________________.
3. Espero que mis amigos ________________________________________________.
4. ¿Crees que la unversidad ______________________________________________?
5. La profesora duda que nosostros ________________________________________.
6. No pienso que el estacionamiento _______________________________________.
7. Es bueno que la clase _________________________________________________.
8. No es posible que la clase______________________________________________.
9. Es necesario que yo __________________________________________________.
10.La profesora sugiere que nosotros_______________________________________.
D. What is the present perfect subjunctive? How many parts does it have? How is is different from the present subjunctive? Give three examples of sentences with the present perfect subjunctive.