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12.7: Antiferromagnetismo

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    131688
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    Incluyo esto en gran parte para que sea completo, pero estoy obligado a ser breve, porque es un tema del que poco conozco. Tengo entendido que involucra materiales en los que los átomos o iones o moléculas tienen un momento dipolar permanente (resultante de espines de electrones desapareados), como en materiales paramagnéticos y ferromagnéticos, y los cristales tienen estructura de dominio, como en materiales ferromagnéticos, pero alternando iones dentro de un tienen sus momentos magnéticos orientados en direcciones opuestas, por lo que el dominio en su conjunto tiene magnetización cero, o susceptibilidad cero. Un ejemplo de un material antiferromagnético es el óxido de manganeso.\(MnO\), in which the \(Mn^{2+}\) ion has a magnetic moment. Such materials are generally antiferromagnetic at low temperatures. As the temperature is increased, the domain structure breaks down and the material becomes paramagnetic – as also happens, of course, with ferromagnetic materials. But whereas the susceptibility of a ferromagnetic material decreases dramatically with rising temperature, until it become merely paramagnetic, the susceptibility of an antiferromagnetic material starts at zero, and its transformation to a paramagnetic material results in an increase (albeit a small increase) in its susceptibility. As the temperature is raised still further, the paramagnetic susceptibility drops (as is usual for paramagnetics), so there is presumably some temperature at which the susceptibility is a maximum.


    This page titled 12.7: Antiferromagnetismo is shared under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Jeremy Tatum via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request.