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3.2: Operadores

Última actualización

30 oct 2022
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- 3.1: El estado de un sistema cuántico
- 3.3: Análisis de la ecuación de onda

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Observe que al derivar la ecuación de onda reemplazamos el número $p$ o $k$ por un diferencial que actúa sobre la función de onda. La energía (o más bien la hamiltoniana) fue reemplazada por un “operador”, que al multiplicarse con la función de onda da una combinación de derivadas de la función ondulada y la función multiplicando la función ondulada, simbólicamente escrita como

$\hat{H} ψ(x,t) = − \dfrac{\hbar^2}{2 m} \dfrac{∂^2}{∂ x^2} ψ(x,t) + V(x) ψ ( x , t ) . \label{3.16}$

Esta aparición de operadores (a menudo denotados por sombreros) donde estábamos acostumbrados a ver números es una de las características clave de la mecánica cuántica.

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