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21: Campos

  • Page ID
    111071
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    Es natural preguntarse si algún campo\(F\) está contenido o no en un campo más grande. Pensamos en los números racionales, que residen dentro de los números reales, mientras que a su vez, los números reales viven dentro de los números complejos. También podemos estudiar los campos entre\({\mathbb Q}\) y\({\mathbb R}\) e indagar en cuanto a la naturaleza de estos campos.

    Más específicamente si nos dan un campo\(F\) y un polinomio\(p(x) \in F[x]\text{,}\) podemos preguntar si podemos o no encontrar un campo que\(E\) contenga\(F\) tal que\(p(x)\) facte en factores lineales sobre\(E[x]\text{.}\) Por ejemplo, si consideramos el polinomio

    \[ p(x) = x^4 -5 x^2 + 6 \nonumber \]

    en\({\mathbb Q}[x]\text{,}\) entonces\(p(x)\) factores como\((x^2 - 2)(x^2 - 3)\text{.}\) Sin embargo, ambos factores son irreducibles en\({\mathbb Q}[x]\text{.}\) Si deseamos encontrar un cero de\(p(x)\text{,}\) debemos ir a un campo más grande. Ciertamente funcionará el campo de los números reales, ya que

    \[ p(x) = (x - \sqrt{2} ) (x + \sqrt{2} )( x - \sqrt{3})(x + \sqrt{3})\text{.} \nonumber \]

    Es posible encontrar un campo más pequeño en el que\(p(x)\) tenga un cero, a saber

    \[ {\mathbb Q }( \sqrt{2} ) = \{ a + b \sqrt{2} : a, b \in {\mathbb Q} \}\text{.} \nonumber \]

    Deseamos poder computar y estudiar dichos campos para polinomios arbitrarios sobre un campo\(F\text{.}\)


    This page titled 21: Campos is shared under a GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Thomas W. Judson (Abstract Algebra: Theory and Applications) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.