6.14: Potencial estándar
- Page ID
- 78821
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Potencial estándar
John Moore, Jia Zhou y Etienne Garand
Potenciales de electrodo estándar en solución acuosa ácida (a continuación se muestra una tabla para la solución básica)
a 25 °C.
| Solución ácida | Potencial de electrodo estándar, E° (voltios) |
|---|---|
| F₂ (g) + 2 e- ⟶ 2 F - (aq) | 2.87 |
| Co³3+ (aq) + e- ⟶ Co²3+ (aq) | 1.92 |
| Au+ (aq) + e- ⟶ Au (s) | 1.83 |
| H2O₂ (ac) + 2 H3+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ 2 H₂O (l) | 1.763 |
| Ce4+ (aq) + e- ⟶ Ce³3+ (aq) | 1.72 |
| Pb4+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Pb²3+ (aq) | 1.69 |
| PbO₂ (s) + SO4²₂ (ac) + 4 H5+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ PbSO4 (s) + 2 H₂O (l.) | 1.690 |
| NiO₂ (s) + 4 H5+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Ni²+ (aq) + 2 H₂O (l) | 1.68 |
| 2 HClO (aq) + 2 H5+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Cl₂ (g) + 2 H₂O (l) | 1.63 |
| Au³+ (aq) + 3 e- ⟶ Au (s) | 1.52 |
| MnO4- (aq) + 8 H5+ (aq) + 5 e- ⟶ Mn²+ (aq) + 4 H₂O (l) | 1.51 |
| BrO3- (aq) + 6 H5+ (aq) + 5 e- ⟶ 1 ⁄ 2 Br₂ (aq) + 3 H₂O (l.) | 1.478 |
| 2 ClO3- (ac) + 12 H+ (aq) + 10 e- ⟶ Cl₂ (g) + 6 H₂O (l) | 1.47 |
| Cr₂O7²-( aq) + 14 H5+ (aq) + 6 e- ⟶ 2 Cr³+ (aq) + 7 H₂O (l.) | 1.36 |
| Cl₂ (g) + 2 e- ⟶ 2 Cl− (aq) | 1.358 |
| N₂H5+ (ac) + 3 H3+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ 2 NH4+ (aq) | 1.275 |
| MnO2 (s) + 4 H5+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Mn²+ (aq) + 2 H₂O (l) | 1.23 |
| O₂ (g) + 4 H3+ (aq) + 4 e- ⟶ 2 H₂O (l) | 1.229 |
| ClO4- (ac) + 2 H+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ ClO3- (aq) + H₂O (l) | 1.201 |
| IO3- (aq) + 6 H+ (aq) + 5 e- ⟶ 1 ⁄ 2 I₂ (aq) + 3 H₂O (l) | 1.195 |
| Pt²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Pt (s) | 1.188 |
| Br₂ (l) + 2 e- ⟶ 2 Br- (aq) | 1.066 |
| [AuCl4] - (aq) + 3 e- ⟶ Au (s) + 4 Cl- (aq) | 1.00 |
| NO3- (aq) + 4 H+ (aq) + 3 e- ⟶ NO (g) + 2 H₂O (l.) | 0.96 |
| NO3- (aq) + 3 H+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ HNO₂ (aq) + H₂O (l.) | 0.94 |
| Pd²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Pd (s) | 0.915 |
| 2 Hg²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Hg²²3+ (aq) | 0.9110 |
| Hg²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Hg (l) | 0.8535 |
| SbCl6- (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ SbCl4- (aq) + 2 Cl− (aq) | 0.84 † |
| Ag+ (aq) + e- ⟶ Ag (s) | 0.7991 |
| Hg₂²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ 2 Hg (l) | 0.7960 |
| Fe³+ (aq) + e- ⟶ Fe²3+ (aq) | 0.771 |
| [PtCl4] ²− (aq) + 2 e− ⟶ Pt (s) + 4 Cl− (aq) | 0.758 |
| [PtCls6] ²− (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ [PtCl₃] ²− (aq) + 2 Cl− (aq) | 0.726 |
| O₂ (g) + 2 H3+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ H₂O₂ (aq) | 0.695 |
| TeO₂ (s) + 4 H5+ (aq) + 4 e- ⟶ Te (s) + 2 H₂O (l.) | 0.604 |
| H3AsO4 (ac) + 2 H5+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ HasO₂ (aq) + 2 H₂O (l.) | 0.560 |
| I₂ (s) + 2 e- ⟶ 2 I− (aq) | 0.535 |
| Cu+ (aq) + e - ⟶ Cu (s) | 0.521 |
| [RhCl6] ³− (aq) + 3 e− ⟶ Rh (s) + 6 Cl− (aq) | 0.5 |
| Cu²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Cu (s) | 0.340 |
| Hg₂Cl₂ (s) + 2 e- ⟶ 2 Hg (l) + 2 Cl- (aq) | 0.27 |
| AgCl (s) + e- ⟶ Ag (s) + Cl- (aq) | 0.222 |
| Cu²+ (aq) + e- ⟶ Cu3+ (aq) | 0.159 |
| SO4²⸺- (aq) + 4 H5+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ H₂SO₃ (aq) + H₂ O (l.) | 0.158 |
| Sn4+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Sn²3+ (aq) | 0.15 |
| S (s) + 2 H+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ H₂S (aq) | 0.144 |
| AgBr (s) + e− ⟶ Ag (s) + Br- (aq) | 0.0713 |
| 2 H3+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ H₂ (g) (electrodo de referencia) | 0 |
| N₂O (g) + 6 H+ (aq) + H2 O (l) + 4 e- ⟶ 2 NH3OH+ (aq) | − 0.05 |
| HgS (s, negro) + 2 H5+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Hg (l) + H₂ S (g) | − 0.085 |
| Se (s) + 2 H+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ H₂Se (aq) | − 0.115 |
| Pb²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Pb (s) | − 0.125 |
| Sn²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Sn (s) | − 0.1375 |
| AGi (s) + e- ⟶ Ag (s) + I- (aq) | − 0.1522 |
| [SnF6] ²− (aq) + 4 e− ⟶ Sn (s) + 6 F- (aq) | − 0.200 |
| Ni²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Ni (s) | − 0.25 |
| Co²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Co (s) | − 0.277 |
| Tl+ (aq) + e- ⟶ Tl (s) | − 0.3363 |
| PbSO4 (s) + 2 e- ⟶ Pb (s) + SO4²− (aq) | − 0.3505 |
| Cd²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Cd (s) | − 0.403 |
| Cr³+ (aq) + e- ⟶ Cr²3+ (aq) | − 0.424 |
| Fe²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Fe (s) | − 0.44 |
| 2 CO₂ (g) + 2 H5+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ (COOH) ₂ (aq) | − 0.481 |
| Tío₂ (s) + 4 H5+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Ti²+ (aq) + 2 H₂ O (l.) | − 0.502 |
| Ga³3+ (aq) + 3 e- ⟶ Ga (s) | − 0.53 |
| Cr³+ (aq) + 3 e- ⟶ Cr (s) | − 0.74 |
| Zn²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Zn (s) | − 0.763 |
| Cr²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Cr (s) | − 0.90 |
| V²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ V (s) | − 1.13 |
| Mn²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Mn (s) | − 1.18 |
| Zr4+ (aq) + 4 e- ⟶ Zr (s) | − 1.55 |
| Al³+ (aq) + 3 e- ⟶ Al (s) | − 1.676 |
| H₂ (g) + 2 e- ⟶ 2 H− (aq) | − 2.25 |
| Mg²+ (ac) + 2 e- ⟶ Mg (s) | − 2.356 |
| Na+ (aq) + e- ⟶ Na (s) | − 2.714 |
| Ca²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Ca (s) | − 2.84 |
| Sr²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Sr (s) | − 2.89 |
| Ba²+ (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Ba (s) | − 2.92 |
| Rb+ (aq) + e- ⟶ Rb (s) | − 2.925 |
| K+ (aq) + e- ⟶ K (s) | − 2.925 |
| Li+ (aq) + e- ⟶ Li (s) | − 3.045 |
De Bard, A. J., Parsons, R., y Jordan, J., Potenciales estándar en solución acuosa, Nueva York: Marcel Dekker, 1985. Unión Internacional de Química Pura y Aplicada, Comisión de Electroquímica y Química Electroanalítica.
† De Brown, R. A., y Swift, E. H., Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 71, 1949, pp. 2719-2723.
Potenciales de electrodo estándar en solución acuosa básica
a 25 °C.
| Solución Básica | Potencial de electrodo estándar, E° (voltios) |
|---|---|
| ClO- (aq) + H₂O (l) + 2 e- ⟶ Cl- (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) | 0.89 |
| OOH- (aq) + H₂O (l) + 2 e- ⟶ 3 OH− (aq) | 0.867 |
| 2 NH₂OH (ac) + 2 e- ⟶ N₂H4 (ac) + 2 OH- (ac) | 0.73 |
| ClO3- (ac) + 3 H₂O (l) + 6 e- ⟶ Cl- (aq) + 6 OH- (aq) | 0.622 |
| MnO4- (ac) + 2 H₂O (l) + 3 e- ⟶ MnO₂ (s) + 4 OH- (aq) | 0.60 |
| MnO4- (aq) + e− ⟶ MnO4²− (aq) | 0.56 |
| NiO₂ (s) + 2 H₂O (l) + 2 e- ⟶ Ni (OH) ₂ (s) + 2 OH- (aq) | 0.49 |
| Ag₂CrO₃ (s) + 2 e− ⟶ 2 Ag (s) + CrO₂²− (aq) | 0.4491 |
| O₂ (g) + 2 H₂O (l) + 4 e− ⟶ 4 OH- (aq) | 0.401 |
| ClO4- (ac) + H₂O (l) + 2 e- ⟶ ClO3- (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) | 0.374 |
| Ag₂O (s) + H₂O (l) + 2 e- ⟶ 2 Ag (s) + 2 OH- (aq) | 0.342 |
| 2 NO₂- (ac) + 3 H₂O (l) + 4 e- ⟶ N₂O (g) + 6 OH- (aq) | 0.15 |
| N₂H4 (ac) + 2 H₂O (l) + 2 e- ⟶ 2 NH₃ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) | 0.10 |
| HgO (s) + H₂O (l) + 2 e- ⟶ Hg (l) + 2 OH- (aq) | 0.0977 |
| O2 (g) + H₂O (l) + 2 e- ⟶ OOH- (aq) + OH- (aq) + OH- (aq) | 0.0649 |
| [Co (NH₃) 6] ³+ (aq) + e- ⟶ [Co (NH₃) 6×] ²+ (aq) | 0.058 |
| NO3- (ac) + H₂O (l) + 2 e- ⟶ NO₂- (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) | 0.01 |
| MnO2 (s) + 2 H₂O (l) + 2 e- ⟶ Mn (OH) ₂ (s) + 2 OH- (aq) | − 0.05 |
| CrO₂²-( ac) + 4 H₂O (l) + 3 e- ⟶ Cr (OH) ₃ (s) + 5 OH- (aq) | − 0.11 |
| Cu₂O (s) + H₂O (l) + 2 e- ⟶ 2 Cu (s) + 2 OH- (aq) | − 0.365 |
| FeO₂- (ac) + H₂O (l) + e- ⟶ HFeO₂- (aq) + OH- (aq) | − 0.69 |
| HFeO₂- (ac) + H₂O (l) + 2 e- ⟶ Fe (s) + 3 OH- (aq) | − 0.8 |
| 2 H₂O (l) + 2 e- ⟶ H₂ (g) + 2 OH- (aq) | − 0.8277 |
| 2 NO3- (ac) + 2 H₂O (l) + 2 e- ⟶ N₂O4 (g) + 4 OH- (aq) | − 0.86 |
| SO4²—( aq) + H₂O (l) + 2 e—⟶ SO3²—( aq) + 2 OH⸺— (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) | − 0.936 |
| N₂ (g) + 4 H₂O (l) + 4 e- ⟶ N₂Hs4 (ac) + 4 OH- (aq) | − 1.16 |
| Zn (OH) ₂ (s) + 2 e- ⟶ Zn (s) + 2 OH- (aq) | − 1.246 |
| [Zn (OH) 4] ²− (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Zn (s) + 4 OH- (aq) | − 1.285 |
| Cr (OH) ₃ (s) + 3 e- ⟶ Cr (s) + 3 OH- (aq) | − 1.33 |
| [Zn (CN) 4] ²− (aq) + 2 e- ⟶ Zn (s) + 4 CN − (aq) | − 1.34 |
| SiO₂²-( aq) + 3 H₂O (l) + 4 e—⟶ Si (s) + 6 OH⸺— (aq) | − 1.69 |
De Bard, A. J., Parsons, R., y Jordan, J., Potenciales estándar en solución acuosa, Nueva York: Marcel Dekker, 1985. Unión Internacional de Química Pura y Aplicada, Comisión de Electroquímica y Química Electroanalítica.