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10.2: Ecuación de Bessel

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    La ecuación de orden\(\nu\) de Bessel viene dada por\[x^2 y'' + x y' + (x^2-\nu^2) y = 0. \nonumber \] Claramente\(x=0\) es un punto singular regular, por lo que podemos resolver por el método de Frobenius. La ecuación indicial se obtiene de la potencia más baja después de la sustitución\(y=x^\gamma\), y es

    \[\gamma^2-\nu^2=0 \nonumber \]

    Entonces una solución en serie generalizada da dos soluciones independientes si\(\nu \neq \frac{1}{2} n\). Ahora resolvamos el problema y sustituyamos explícitamente la serie power,

    \[y = x^\nu \sum_n a_n x^n. \nonumber \]

    De la ecuación de Bessel encontramos

    \[\sum_n(n+\nu)(n+\nu-1) a_\nu x^{m+\nu} +\sum_n(n+\nu)a_\nu x^{m+\nu} +\sum_n(x^2-\nu^2)a_\nu = 0 \nonumber \]

    lo que lleva a

    \[[(m+\nu)^2-\nu^2] a_m= -a_{m-2} \nonumber \]o\[a_m= -\frac{1}{m(m+2\nu)}a_{m-2}. \nonumber \]

    Si tomamos\(\nu=n>0\), tenemos

    \[a_m= -\frac{1}{m(m+2n)}a_{m-2}. \nonumber \]

    Esto se puede resolver por iteración,

    \[\begin{aligned} a_{2k} &= -\frac{1}{4}\frac{1}{k(k+n)}a_{2(k-1)}\nonumber\\ &= \left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^2\frac{1}{k(k-1)(k+n)(k+n-1)}a_{2(k-2)} \nonumber\\ &= \left(-\frac{1}{4}\right)^k\frac{n!}{k!(k+n)!}a_{0}.\end{aligned} \nonumber \]

    Si elegimos 1\(a_0 = \frac{1}{n!2^n}\) encontramos la función Bessel de orden\(n\)

    \[J_n(x) = \sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{(-1)^k}{k!(k+n)!} \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)^{2k+n}. \nonumber \]

    Hay otra segunda solución independiente (que debería tener un logaritmo en ella) con va al infinito en\(x=0\).

    Una gráfica de las tres primeras funciones de Bessel <span translate=\ (J_n\) y\(Y_n\).” src=” https://math.libretexts.org/@api/dek...1844798941.png "/>

    Figura\(\PageIndex{1}\): Una gráfica de las tres primeras funciones de Bessel\(J_n\) y\(Y_n\).

    La solución general de la ecuación de orden de Bessel\(n\) es una combinación lineal de\(J\) y\(Y\),\[y(x) = A J_n(x)+B Y_n(x). \nonumber \]


    1. Esto se puede hacer ya que la ecuación de Bessel es lineal, es decir, si\(g(x)\) es una solución también\(C g(x)\) es una solución. ↩


    This page titled 10.2: Ecuación de Bessel is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Niels Walet via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.